| There have staged many large-scale wars in the Middle East since world II， among which some were triggered by internal religious, political and ethnic conflicts in combination with external support, while others resulted from direct intervention of US-led international forces. Since the end of the Cold War, the US approach to the Middle East has shifted from high-profile strategic expansion to an ongoing strategic contraction. However, whether by resorting to war or by sponsoring the Arab Spring, the United States has never fundamentally changed the geopolitical pattern in the Middle East.
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